A Concept on Biodegradability of Fatliquors A Sustainable and Cleaner Leather Processing

Abstract

The biodegradability of a fatliquor is an important parameter to consider in leather processing as it is critical to obtain an easily treatable waste effluent leading towards a more sustainable and cleaner environment. Fatliquor biodegradability depends upon the functional groups (double bond or hydroxyl) present in the oil after chemical modification, the level and ratio of functional groups impact the degree of biodegradability. In the present investigation, the chemical modification of castor oil was achieved via the sulfation method by varying the level of concentrated sulfuric acid H2SO4 (17 to 19 ml per 100 gm of castor oil) is tested for fatliquoring properties against a control (Turkey Red Oil). The sample treated with 17 ml concentrated H2SO4 shows better biodegradability than the other samples. The FTIR, particle size and zeta potential analysis of experimental fatliquors and morphological and physical strength (tensile strength, and elongation) characterization of the experimental leathers are comparable to the standard values.