Psychological and Physiological Correlates of Stress in Children Exposed to Disaster

Current Research and Recommendations for Intervention

Abstract

Disasters have increased in incidence worldwide and children are especially vulnerable to their effects. Childhood is a unique period during which physical, mental and social development and growth take place. Psychological damage at this stage can affect children for years to come. To outline the psychological and physiological impacts of disaster on children and shed light on possible interventions, the authors reviewed the empirical literature utilizing search databases such as PsychInfo as well as policy documents and guidelines from major organizations (e.g., the United Nations). This article discusses potential biological mechanisms between stress, physiological dysregulation and subsequent illness in children. In addition, it discusses risk and protective factors and their possible role in buffering children against mental, physiological and health consequences of disasters, and outlines international and cross-cultural perspectives, as well as implications for further research.